Scientists Modify Bacterial Genome to Detect Cancerous Tumors
An international team of researchers has developed an innovative technology that can detect cancer cells in hard-to-reach areas using genetically modified bacteria. According to a report by Engadget, this groundbreaking approach is named CATCH, an acronym for "Cellular Analysis for Targeted Horizontal Transfer of Genes using CRISPR Discrimination."
CRISPR is a well-known genetic editing method that allows alterations to the DNA of any living organism. In this study, scientists applied CRISPR to modify Acinetobacter baylyi bacteria so they could recognize the DNA of cancer cells.
A distinctive characteristic of A.baylyi bacteria is their ability to absorb external DNA and incorporate it into their own genetic material. This property enables A.baylyi to acquire new functions and traits.
Researchers introduced genetic modifications to the bacteria, including a special DNA sequence resembling half of a lightning bolt. When the modified bacteria detect the DNA of cancerous cells in their environment, they integrate this DNA fragment into their genome. This action activates a gene that provides resistance to antibiotics, aiding the bacteria's survival.
The scientists tested this method on mice with colorectal tumors. The mice were administered a solution containing the modified bacteria, and then stool samples were analyzed to identify bacteria that withstood antibiotics. A high concentration of such bacteria indicated the presence of cancer.
The researchers affirm that this method allows for rapid detection of gastrointestinal cancer without the need for complex procedures. In the future, they plan to employ bacteria not just for diagnostics but also for treatment. For instance, genes might be introduced into bacteria to facilitate the production of anti-tumor agents or enhance immune responses.
"However, the most intriguing aspect of cellular healthcare may not be merely disease detection. That's something a lab could do," noted one of the study's authors, Dan Worthley.
According to Worthley, this technology could also be used for targeted biological therapy in the future, enabling treatments to be directed at specific body parts based on the presence of particular DNA sequences.
It's important to mention that the research team has acknowledged that the method is not yet ready for widespread implementation. Scientists continue to work on further refining the technique and comparing it with other diagnostic methods.