In Antarctica, a Rare White Penguin Spotted [Photo]

Scientists from the Gonzalez Videla Antarctic base, located in an area claimed by Chile, have discovered a rare white penguin. According to Daily Mail, its unique colouring is the result of a genetic deviation.

The rare bird was spotted in early January, identified as a female of the Gentoo species, which typically has a reddish-orange beak and black-and-white feathers with a white spot on the forehead.

The extraordinary white colour of the penguin is caused by leucism — a genetic mutation leading to the loss of pigmentation in feathers or fur. Veterinarian Diego Penalosa asserts that similar mutations have been observed in other species, such as giraffes, alligators, whales, and bison. This congenital phenomenon generally affects less than one percent of the population.

Unlike albinism, which affects the production of all melanin, leucism has a partial effect and does not impact pigment cells in the eyes and beak. Although this condition does not directly harm the animals, it may pose some risks for the penguin. Leucism is rare as it arises from a recessive gene and can make animals an easier target for natural predators, a factor compounded by the typical black-and-white plumage crucial for penguins during fishing expeditions.

"This is why leucism cases are not widespread: besides being rare genes that are not frequently encountered, animals with this condition, especially penguins, become easy prey for predators," explained veterinarian Diego Penalosa.

Biologist and vertebrate genetics expert Juliani Vianna notes that this is not the first instance of a white Gentoo penguin being observed. Approximately eight years ago, a rare white penguin was already documented in their colony. There is speculation that the recently discovered bird could be the same penguin or a relative.

"It's fascinating because genetic studies have shown that in the vast majority of penguins on the Antarctic Peninsula, genetic differentiation is practically non-existent. The only species where we have observed significant genetic differentiation is the Antarctic penguin, indicating the continuous habitation of its individuals in a single colony," explained Juliani Vianna.

It's worth noting that the Gentoo species is listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is at risk of extinction, primarily due to a significant decline in population on subantarctic islands where they reside.